Figurine of Demeter With Pig (400s BCE)

The Figurine of Demeter with Pig is a terracotta sculpture from the 400s BCE, originating from Athens, Greece. Standing at 20 cm tall, this artifact provides a unique glimpse into ancient Greek religious practices, particularly the veneration of Demeter, the goddess of agriculture and fertility.

This figurine dates back to the classical period of ancient Greece. Demeter, the sister of Zeus and the goddess of harvest and fertility, was widely worshipped, especially in agricultural societies. The figurine likely played a role in the Thesmophoria and Eleusinian Mysteries, festivals that celebrated Demeter and her daughter Persephone. These rituals were essential in ancient Greek religion, symbolizing the cyclical nature of life and death.

In ancient Greek customs, young girls nearing marriage age would offer piglets or pig-shaped figures to Demeter to seek her favor. This practice stems from the dual meaning of the Greek word ‘choiros,’ which means both ‘young pig’ and ‘vulva of a girl.’ This duality underscores the link between fertility, marriage, and agricultural abundance in Greek culture.

Demeter held a crucial role in Greek mythology and religion, embodying the earth’s fertility and the cyclical nature of life. The pig was a significant symbol in her cult, representing both agricultural prosperity and the fertility of women. Festivals like the Thesmophoria were exclusive to women and emphasized Demeter’s importance in ensuring crop and human fertility.

The figurine is made of terracotta, a common material for Greek sculptures. It measures 20 cm in height, making it a small but significant votive offering. The craftsmanship reflects the typical artistic style of the period, emphasizing simplicity and symbolic representation over intricate detail.

The figurine was purchased from the J. H. Wade Fund and has likely passed through several collectors before reaching its current home. Such artifacts often come from archaeological excavations or private collections, reflecting the continued interest in ancient Greek culture and religion.

The figurine is in good condition, though it may have undergone minor restoration to preserve its integrity. Terracotta, being a durable material, often survives well over millennia, but the figurine’s current state is maintained through careful conservation efforts to prevent deterioration.

Today, the Figurine of Demeter with Pig is a valuable artifact for understanding ancient Greek religious practices and societal values. It continues to be a subject of scholarly research, offering insights into the roles of women in religious rites and the symbolic importance of fertility in ancient Greece.