Fragment of a Reclining Male Figure (450-350 BCE)

The Fragment of a Reclining Male Figure is a terracotta artifact from the Greek/South Italian region of Taranto, dating back to 450–350 BCE. This piece, currently housed in The Cleveland Museum of Art, offers a glimpse into ancient Greek customs and artistic practices, specifically related to banqueting traditions.

Originating from Taranto, known in ancient times as Taras, this terracotta figure was created during a period when Greek colonies flourished in Southern Italy, known as Magna Graecia. The figure represents a reclining man, a common depiction at Greek banquets where participants dined while reclining. This practice was not only a social custom but also a significant aspect of Greek culture, reflecting their lifestyle and societal norms.

In Greek mythology, Taras, the eponymous founder of the city of Taranto, was shipwrecked and rescued by a dolphin sent by his father. Taras rode the dolphin to safety and subsequently founded the city of Tarentum, named in his honor. This mythological connection underscores the cultural importance of Taranto and its inhabitants’ pride in their heritage, which is often reflected in their art.

The terracotta figure is a testament to the artistic traditions of the time, particularly in the Greek colonies of Italy. Banquet imagery was popular, signifying the social and cultural importance of communal dining. The reclining pose of the figure, with his head tilted to the left, exemplifies the relaxed and convivial nature of these gatherings. The figure likely wore an elaborate headdress, highlighting the attention to detail and the significance of adornment in these artistic representations.

This fragment is made from terracotta, a material commonly used in Greek art for its versatility and ease of molding. The overall dimensions of the piece are 14.6 cm (5 3/4 in.). The figure was created using molds, with additional handmade details to enhance its uniqueness. Traces of red pigment in the hair suggest that the figure was once painted, adding vibrancy and lifelike qualities to the representation.

The figure shows remnants of “ribbons” on the right shoulder, indicating past adornments. The preservation of traces of red pigment in the hair highlights the meticulous conservation efforts to retain its original appearance. Any damages have been carefully addressed to maintain the integrity and authenticity of the piece.

The artifact was acquired by The Cleveland Museum of Art through purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund.